Lesión por pinchazo de aguja en trabajadores de salud / Needle-stick injury in healthcare workers

Introducción: Los trabajadores de salud, especialmente enfermeras y enfermeros, laboratoristas y paramédicos tienen mayor riesgo de exposición a lesiones por pinchazo de aguja, en ocasiones, por un inadecuado manejo y almacenamiento de desechos hospitalarios. Objetivo: Describir las causas de lesión por pinchazo de aguja y las medidas de prevención tomadas por los trabajadores de salud. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal utilizando una encuesta en línea; participaron 74 trabajadores de salud del Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo y el Hospital Regional Lambayeque; los datos están presentados como estadística descriptiva; para el análisis estadístico se utilizó InfoStat 2019. Resultados: La edad media de los encuestados fue de 28,9 años (rango de 17-48); la mayoría fueron mujeres (56,8 %), y el 43,2 %, varones. Del total de encuestados (42, 56,8 %), alguna vez tuvo una lesión por pinchazo de aguja, mientras, el 43,2 % no ha recibido lesiones. La severidad del pinchazo de aguja fue leve en 51,4 % de los casos, 6,8 % fue moderada y 41,9 % no tuvo lesión. Conclusiones: Las principales modalidades causantes de pinchazo de aguja encontradas en este estudio fueron: reencapuchar la aguja, extracción de sangre venosa, el movimiento repentino del paciente durante una inyección o una sutura. Una capacitación continua, el uso de equipos de protección personal y seguir las pautas de eliminación adecuada de los objetos cortopunzantes, ayudarían a prevenir este tipo de lesiones en trabajadores de salud y por ende, evitar la transmisión de infecciones a través de sangre percutánea.

Introduction: healthcare workers, especially nurses, laboratory workers and paramedics have a higher risk of exposure to needle-stick injuries, which is sometimes due to inadequate handling and hospital waste storage. Objective: to describe causes of needle-stick injury and preventive measures taken by healthcare workers. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey; 74 healthcare workers from the Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo National Hospital and the Lambayeque Regional Hospital participated; data are presented as descriptive statistics; InfoStat 2019 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: the mean age of the respondents was 28.9 years (range 17-48); the majority were female (56.8%), and 43.2%, male. The 56.8% from the total number of respondents (42) had ever had a needle-stick injury, while 43.2% had not received injuries. The severity of the needle stick was mild in 51.4% of the cases, 6.8% was moderate and 41.9% had no injury. Conclusions: needle recapping, venous blood withdrawal and patients' sudden movement during an injection or a suture were the main causes of needle stick found in this study. A continuous training, the use of personal protective equipment, and following the proper disposal guidelines for sharp objects would help health workers to prevent this type of injury, and thus to avoid the transmission of infections through percutaneous blood.

Risk factors analysis and intervention of blood-borne occupational exposure in medical staff / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the risk factors of blood-borne occupational exposure among medical staff and explore the relevant intervention measures. Methods: In June 2020, the data of blood-borne occupational exposure and related factors reported by medical staff in a grade Ⅲ, Grade A general hospital from 2011 to 2019 were analyzed by retrospective investigation. Results: Among 431 cases of blood-borne occupational exposure, 69.37% were nurses. It mainly occurred in medical staff with 0-4 years of service, accounting for 63.57%; The main place of occupational exposure was in the ward 47.56%; Sharp instrument injury was the main occupational exposure route 91.65%. Occupational exposure department was mainly surgery department 17.87%; The main source of exposure was hepatitis B virus (HBV) 37.12%, followed by treponema pallidum 20.19%. Statistical analysis results show that: Exposure sites (χ(2)=43.585, P<0.01) , exposure sources (χ(2)=22.693, P<0.01) , treatment methods after exposure (χ(2)=18.866, P<0.01) , Flushing (χ(2)=31.963, P<0.01) and disinfection (χ(2)=14.216, P<0.01) were significantly different. Conclusion: The effective measures to reduce blood-borne occupational exposure are to strengthen occupational protection training of medical staff, standardize operation procedures, strengthen supervision of key groups and departments, improve reporting, monitoring and follow-up systems to realize informatization, and do a good job in risk control.

Factors related to tissue complications resulting from insulin therapy: a cross-sectional study / Factores relacionados con las complicaciones tisulares derivadas de la terapia con insulina: estudio transversal / Fatores relacionados a complicações teciduais decorrentes da insulinoterapia: estudo transversal

Abstract Objective: To identify factors related to tissue complications resulting from insulin therapy. Method: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in a capital of northeastern Brazil. A semi-structured form and an observation guide were applied to assess the performance of insulin preparation and administration techniques. Descriptive statistics, association test, and multivariate logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: Most participants were female (74.2%), aged between 51 and 70 years (50.0%), and had nine to eleven years of education (36.7%). The presence of some type of local complication in 73.5% of the participants and the failure to rotate the injection sites in 82.3% are highlighted. Being single/widowed and not rotating insulin application sites were related to local complications and increased the chances of their occurrence by 3.51 and 6.70 times, respectively. Conclusion: Marital status and nonrotation of injection site were related to the increased chances of tissue complications resulting from insulin therapy.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar factores relacionados con la aparición de complicaciones tisulares resultantes de la terapia con insulina. Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, realizado en la capital del noreste de Brasil. Se aplicó un formulario semiestructurado y un guión de observación para evaluar el desempeño de las técnicas de preparación y administración de insulina. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva, prueba de asociación y regresión logística multivariante. Resultados: La mayoría de los participantes eran mujeres (74,2%), con edades comprendidas entre 51 y 70 años (50,0%) y con nueve a once años de escolaridad (36,7%). Se destaca la presencia de algún tipo de complicación local en el 73,5% de los participantes y mala rotación de los sitios de inyección en el 82,3%. Ser soltero/viudo y no rotar los sitios de aplicación de insulina se relacionaron con complicaciones locales y aumentaron la posibilidade de su ocurrencia en 3,51 y 6,70 veces, respectivamente. Conclusión: Se demostró que el estado civil y la mala rotación de los sitios de aplicación estaban relacionados con el aumento de las posibilidades de complicaciones tisulares como resultado de la terapia con insulina.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os fatores relacionados à ocorrência de complicações teciduais decorrentes da insulinoterapia. Método: Estudo descritivo, transversal, realizado em capital do nordeste brasileiro. Aplicaram-se formulário semiestruturado e roteiro de observação para avaliação do desempenho das técnicas de preparo e administração de insulina. Estatística descritiva, teste de associação e regressão logística multivariada foram utilizadas para análise dos dados. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino (74,2%), com idades entre 51 e 70 anos (50,0%), e nove a onze anos de estudo (36,7%). Destaca-se a presença de algum tipo de complicação local em 73,5% dos participantes e a não realização do rodízio dos locais de injeção em 82,3%. Estar solteiro/viúvo e não realizar rodízio dos locais de aplicação da insulina relacionaram-se às complicações locais e aumentaram as chances de ocorrência destas em 3,51 e 6,70 vezes, respectivamente. Conclusão: O estado civil e a não realização de rodízio dos locais de aplicação mostraram-se relacionados ao aumento das chances de complicações teciduais decorrentes da insulinoterapia.

Implementação do programa de prevenção de acidentes com materiais perfurocortantes: análise documental / Implementation of the program to prevent accidents with sharps: a documentary analysis / Implementación del programa de prevención de accidentes con objetos punzocortantes: análisis de documentos

OBJETIVO: descrever o processo de implementação do programa de prevenção de acidentes com materiais perfurocortantes em um hospital público. MÉTODO: estudo descritivo, com análise retrospectiva documental, desenvolvido a partir da leitura exploratória, seletiva e analítica dos conteúdos presentes em registros do Serviço Especializado em Engenharia de Segurança e em Medicina do Trabalho. A coleta de dados foi realizada com o preenchimento de um formulário semiestruturado e as análises foram baseadas nas adequações do programa às diretrizes da Portaria n° 1.748 do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. RESULTADOS: o processo de implementação do programa foi concluído em oito etapas e atendeu às diretrizes da Portaria. O programa aperfeiçoou as medidas de controle convencionais e levou à adoção de medidas de engenharia. Pela avaliação da Comissão Gestora, o programa contribuiu para a redução dos acidentes. CONCLUSÃO: a implantação do programa foi bem-sucedida, servindo como modelo para outros hospitais brasileiros.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the implementation process of the program to prevent accidents with sharps in a public hospital. METHOD: a descriptive study, with retrospective documentary analysis, developed from the exploratory, selective and analytical reading of the contents present in records of the Specialized Service in Safety Engineering and Occupational Medicine. Data collection was performed by filling out a semi-structured form and the analyses were based on the program's adaptations to the guidelines set forth in Ordinance No.1,748 of the Ministry of Labor and Employment. RESULTS: the program's implementation process was completed in eight stages and met the directives set forth in the Ordinance. The program improved the conventional control measures and led to the adoption of engineering measures. According to the evaluation by the Management Commission, the program contributed to a reduction in the number of accidents. CONCLUSION: implementation of the program was successful, serving as a model for other Brazilian hospitals

OBJETIVO: describir el proceso de implementación del programa de prevención de accidentes con objetos punzocortantes en un hospital público. MÉTODO: estudio descriptivo con análisis documental retrospectivo, llevado a cabo a partir de la lectura exploratoria, selectiva y analítica de los contenidos presentes en los registros del Servicio Especializado en Ingeniería de la Seguridad y Medicina del Trabajo. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante la cumplimentación de un formulario semiestructurado y los análisis sebasaron en las adaptaciones del programa a las directrices de la Disposición nro. 1.748 del Ministerio de Trabajo y Empleo. RESULTADOS: el proceso de implementación del programa se completó en ocho etapas y cumplió con las directrices de la Disposición. El programa perfeccionó las medidas de control convencionales y condujo a la adopción de medidas de ingeniería. Según la evaluación del Comité de Gestión, el programa contribuyó a la reducción de accidentes. CONCLUSIÓN: la implementación del programa fue exitosa y sirve de modelo para otros hospitales brasileños.

Asociación entre los rasgos de personalidad y la ocurrencia de accidentes de trabajo de riesgo biológico del personal de enfermería en el Hospital Universitario de Santander (HUS): Estudio de casos y controles / Association between personality traits and the occurrence of work accidents involving biological hazards among nursing staff at Hospital Universitario de Santander (HUS): Case-control study / Associação entre traços de personalidade e ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho com risco biológico em profissionais de enfermagem do Hospital Universitário de Santander (HUS): Estudo caso-controle

Introducción. Los accidentes de trabajo por exposición al riesgo biológico (ATBIO) son causas potenciales de enfermedades infecciosas relacionadas con alta morbilidad y mortalidad. La identificación de las causas que generan dicha accidentalidad permitirá establecer estrategias que controlen y disminuyan la siniestralidad laboral. El objetivo del presente manuscrito fue establecer la asociación entre los rasgos de personalidad, principalmente el rasgo de personalidad de despreocupación y la ocurrencia de ATBIO en el personal de enfermería del Hospital Universitario de Santander entre el periodo 2008 y 2009. Metodología. Estudio de casos y controles. Resultados. Se incluyeron 68 (18%) casos con historia de ATBIO y 290 controles, para una razón caso: control de 1:4. En el análisis multivariado se encontraron las siguientes variables asociadas a la accidentalidad laboral de riesgo biológico: percibir el riesgo de presentar un ATBIO en el servicio como alta OR: 0.42 (IC 95% 0.23 ­ 0.75), trabajar 24 o más horas adicionales a la semana OR: 2.66 (IC 95% 1.34 ­ 5.28), laborar en el servicio de urgencias OR: 2.72 (IC 95% 1.38 ­ 5.35) , no disponer de guantes cuando se requieren durante su labor OR: 2.05 (IC 95% 1.10 ­ 3.79), y percibir el riesgo como alto disminuye el riesgo en el 60%. Conclusión. Se identificaron variables significativas relacionadas con la ocurrencia de accidentes de trabajo, las cuales facilitarán la planeación, ejecución e implementación de programas de salud ocupacional dirigidos al control de la accidentalidad laboral de riesgo biológico. No se evidenció relación entre rasgos de personalidad y la ocurrencia de ATBIO.

Introduction. Work accidents involving exposure to biological hazards (ATBIO for its Spanish original) are potential causes of infectious diseases related to high morbidity and mortality rates. The identification of the causes that produce such accident rate will enable the implementation of strategies to control and reduce work-related accidents. The objective was establishing the association between personality traits, particularly the personality trait of unconcern, and the occurrence of ATBIO among the nursing staff of Hospital Universitario de Santander in the period from 2008 to 2009. Methodology. Case-control study. Results. The study included 68 (18%) cases with ATBIO history and 290 controls, for a case-to-control ratio of 1:4. The multivariate analysis found the following variables associated with work-accident rate involving biological hazards: perceiving the risk of an ATBIO at work as high, OR: 0.42 (CI 95% 0.23 ­ 0.75); working 24 or more additional hours per week, OR: 2.66 (CI 95% 1.34 ­ 5.28); working in the emergency room, OR: 2.72 (CI 95% 1.38 ­ 5.35); not wearing gloves when they are required for the task, OR: 2.05 (CI 95% 1.10 ­ 3.79), and perceiving the risk as high reduces the risk by 60%. Conclusion. Significant variables were identified related to the occurrence of work accidents, which will facilitate planning, execution and implementation of occupational health programs aimed at controlling work-accident rate involving biological hazards. No evidence was found of a relationship between personality traits and the occurrence of ATBIO.

Introdução. Acidentes de trabalho por exposição a risco biológico (ATBIO) são potenciais causas de doenças infecciosas relacionadas à alta morbimortalidade. A identificação das causas que geram essa acidentalidade permitirá estabelecer estratégias que controlem e reduzam a taxa de acidentes de trabalho. Objetivo era estabelecer stabelecer a associação entre os traços de personalidade, principalmente o traço de personalidade despreocupada e a ocorrência de ATBIO nos profissionais de enfermagem do Hospital Universitário de Santander entre o período de 2008 e 2009. Metodologia. Estudo caso-controle. Resultados. Foram incluídos 68 (18%) casos com um histórico de ATBIO e 290 controles, para uma relação caso: controle de 1:4. Na análise multivariada, foram encontradas as seguintes variáveis associadas à taxa de acidente de trabalho de risco biológico: perceber o risco de apresentar ATBIO no serviço como elevado OR: 0.42 (IC 95% 0.23 - 0.75); trabalhar 24 ou mais horas adicionais por semana OR: 2.66 (IC 95% 1.34 - 5.28); trabalhar na área de emergências OR: 2.72 (IC 95% 1.38 - 5.35); não usar luvas quando são necessárias durante o trabalho OR: 2.05 (IC 95% 1.10 - 3.79); e perceber o risco como alto reduz o risco em 60%. Conclusão. Foram identificadas variáveis significativas relacionadas à ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho, o que facilitará o planejamento, execução e implantação de programas de saúde ocupacional voltados ao controle de acidentes de trabalho de risco biológico. Não houve evidência de uma relação entre traços de personalidade e a ocorrência de ATBIO.

Acidentes de trabalho com exposição a materiais biológicos entre trabalhadores no norte de Minas Gerais / Work accidents with exposure to biological materials betweenworkers in the north of Minas Gerais / Accidentes de trabajo con exposición a materiales biológicos entre trabajadores en el norte de Minas Gerais

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil dos acidentes com exposição a material biológico ocorridos em Minas Gerais. Métodos: estudo epidemiológico, descritivo e transversal realizado por meio da consulta do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação dos municípios do norte de Minas Gerais, no período de 2008-2012. Resultados: dentre os 56 municípios investigados 28 notificaram 1025 acidentes, 46,1% ocorreram entre técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem, 14,7% por estudantes e pelos médicos com 11,6% das ocorrências. Houve predomínio dos acidentes com profissionais de 30 a 39 anos, em procedimentos cirúrgicos, descarte inadequado de materiais perfuro cortantes e administração de medicamentos. Verificou-se que a exposição percutânea, o sangue como material orgânico e agulhas como agente. Conclusão: as causas dos acidentes mais comumente estão diretamente relacionadas com a maneira em executar as atividades no decorrer do trabalho, desencadeadas por ineficiência dos equipamentos de proteção individuais ou coletivos, percebe-se a fragilidade no cumprimento da norma regulamentadora

Objective:To describe the profile of accidents with exposure to biological material that occurred in Minas Gerais. Methods: an epidemiological, descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out by consulting the Notification Disease Information System of the municipalities of northern Minas Gerais, from 2008-2012. Results: among the 56 municipalities investigated 28 reported 1025 accidents, 46.1% occurred among technicians and nursing assistants, 14.7% by students and doctors with 11.6% of occurrences. There was a predominance of accidents with professionals aged 30 to 39 years, in surgical procedures, improper disposal of sharps and administration of medication. Percutaneous exposure, blood as organic material and needles as agent were found. Conclusion: the causes of accidents most commonly are directly related to the way to perform activities during work, triggered by inefficiency of individual or collective protective equipment, it is perceived the weakness in compliance with the regulatory standard

Objetivo: Describir el perfil de accidentes con exposición a material biológico ocurridos en Minas Gerais. Métodos: un estudio epidemiológico, descriptivo y transversal realizado mediante la consulta del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación de los municipios del norte de Minas Gerais, de 2008 a 2012. Resultados: entre los 56 municipios investigados, 28 reportaron 1025 accidentes, 46.1% ocurrieron entre técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería, 14.7% por estudiantes y médicos con 11.6% de incidentes. Predominaron los accidentes con profesionales de 30 a 39 años, en procedimientos quirúrgicos, eliminación inadecuada de objetos punzantes y administración de medicamentos. Se encontraron exposición percutánea, sangre como material orgánico y agujas como agente. Conclusión: las causas de accidentes más comúnmente están directamente relacionadas con la forma de realizar actividades durante el trabajo, desencadenadas por la ineficiencia de los equipos de protección individuales o colectivos, se percibe la debilidad en el cumplimiento de la norma reguladora

Epidemiology and risk factors of needlestick injuries among healthcare workers in Iran: a systematic reviews and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND@#Occupational contact with blood and body fluids poses a significant risk to healthcare workers. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the epidemiology and risk factors affecting needlestick injuries (NSI) in healthcare personnel in Iran.@*METHODS@#In March 2020, researchers studied six international databases such as Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, ISI/WOS, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar for English papers and two Iranian databases (MagIran and SID) for Persian papers. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess quality of studies. The method of reporting was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement.@*RESULTS@#A total of 43 articles were included in the analysis. Results showed that females (OR = 1.30, 95 % CI 1.06-1.58, P value = 0.009), younger age (OR = 2.75, 95 % CI 2.27-3.33, P value < 0.001, rotated shift workers (OR = 2.16, 95 % CI 1.47-3.15, P value < 0.001), not attending training courses (OR = 1.30, 95 % CI 1.07-1.56, P value = 0.006), working in the surgery ward (OR = 1.83, 95 % CI 1.33-2.50, P value < 0.001), less work experience (OR = 1.43, 95 % CI 1.04-1.95, P value = 0.025) apposed a greater risk factors for NSI among healthcare workers.@*CONCLUSION@#Based on the results of this review, factors such as young age, less work experience, work shift, and female gender are considered as strong risk factors for NSI injury in Iran. Preventive measures including education programs can reduce the burden of NSI among healthcare personnel.

Acidentes com material biológico: uma análise com profissionais de enfermagem / Accidents with biological material: An analysis with Nursing professionals / Accidentes con material biológico: un análisis con profesionales de Enfermería

Objetivo: analisar os acidentes com material biológico ocorridos com profissionais de enfermagem no Estado do Paraná em 2016. Método: estudo transversal realizado em outubro de 2018 com dados disponibilizados pelo Centro Estadual de Saúde do Trabalhador do Paraná. Utilizaram-se análises descritivas e, para as associações, o teste de qui-quadrado (p<0,05). Resultados: foram analisados 2.436 casos de acidentes na equipe de enfermagem, dos quais 1.974 registrados entre técnicos e auxiliares. Houve predomínio dos acidentes em mulheres, na faixa etária de 30 a 49 anos. A forma de exposição mais frequente foi a percutânea, as circunstâncias mais referidas foram relacionadas à punção ou administração de medicação endovenosa e observou-se redução significativa do uso de equipamento de proteção individual conforme o aumento da idade, entre profissionais do nível médio. Conclusão: evidenciou-se a necessidade de elaboração de estratégias voltadas à educação permanente desses profissionais para garantir a prevenção de acidentes e/ou doenças ocupacionais.

Objective: to analyze the accidents involving biological material that occurred with Nursing professionals in Paraná in 2016. Method: a cross-sectional study carried out in October 2018 with data provided by the State Center for Workers' Health of Paraná. Descriptive analyses were used and, for the associations, the chi-square test (p<0.05) was employed. Results: a total of 2,436 cases of accidents in the Nursing team were analyzed, of which 1,974 were recorded among technicians and assistants. There was predominance of accidents in women, aged between 30 and 49 years old. The most frequent kind of exposure was percutaneous, the most reported circumstances were related to the puncture or administration of intravenous medication, and a significant reduction in the use of personal protective equipment was observed with increasing age among mid-level professionals. Conclusion: the need to develop strategies aimed at the permanent education of these professionals was evidenced to ensure prevention of accidents and/or occupational diseases.

Objetivo: analizar los accidentes con material biológico ocurridos con profesionales de Enfermería en el estado de Paraná en el año 2016. Método: estudio transversal realizado en octubre de 2018 con datos puestos a disposición por el Centro Estatal de Salud Laboral de Paraná. Se utilizaron análisis descriptivos y, para las asociaciones, la prueba de chi-cuadrado (p<0,05). Resultados: se analizaron 2436 casos de accidentes en el equipo de Enfermería, de los cuales 1974 se registraron entre técnicos e auxiliares. Hubo predominio de accidentes en mujeres, en el grupo etario de 30 a 49 años. La forma de exposición más frecuente fue la percutánea, las circunstancias más mencionadas estuvieron relacionadas con la punción o administración de medicación endovenosa y se observó una significativa reducción en el uso de equipos de protección personal a medida que aumentó la edad de los participantes, entre profesionales de nivel medio. Conclusión: se hizo evidente la necesidad de elaborar estrategias dirigidas a la educación permanente de estos profesionales para garantizar la prevención de accidentes y/o enfermedades laborales.

Prevalence of needle stick injuries and utilization of post exposure prophylaxis among resident doctors in a tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria ­ a cross-sectional analytical study

Background:Needlestick injuries (NSIs) are percutaneous injuries sustained during delivery of medical care. They are occupational hazards faced by health workers and are a source of transmission of bloodborne pathogens.This study was aimed at determining the prevalence, utilization of post-exposure prophylaxis(PEP) and assessed the association between the sociodemographic, occupational factors, knowledge and attitude towards NSIs to its occurrence among the residents in a Tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt Nigeria.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional analytical study design Results: The study found a 53.8% prevalence of NSIs. Annual prevalence was 50.9%. The prevalence was significantly higher among senior residents (65.1%) (p=0.006), residents in Paediatrics (75.6%) (p<0.001), and among residents who had worked three years or more (65.7%) (p<0.001). The most frequently reported factors that predisposed to NSIs were excess workload (77.9%), insufficient consumables (72.6%) and long working hours (70.2%). 77.4% of residents recapped needles, 66.1% did not report NSIs. Only 8.9% of the residents utilized PEP after injury. In 51.8% of cases, the needle had been used on a patient prior to the injury. In 25.9% of these cases, the injury involved a high-risk patient (HIV, Hepatitis B or C infected). This study found a risk of transmission of HIV following a needle stick injury to be 0.48%. Conclusion: Needlestick injuries are common among resident doctors. A large number of these injuries go unreported. The attitude toward preventive measures and use of PEP services is sub-optimal necessitating a need for more attention to be drawn to occupational health and safety in the region

Deflexión de agujas dentales 30G: comparación de cinco marcas comerciales / Deflection of dental needles 30G: comparison of five trademarks

Abstract Introducción: El grado o nivel de deflexión de la aguja dental, en la mayoría de los casos, puede determinar el éxito o fracaso en la técnica de anestesia dental. Objetivo: Medir el grado de deflexión de la aguja dental, comparando 5 diferentes marcas disponibles en la ciudad de Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental, en el que con ayuda de un modelo creado con un nivel profesional y una jeringa tipo cárpul, se realizaron diversas punciones en un trozo de carne de res, simulando la realización de una técnica lineal de anestesia bucodental. Se tomaron radiografías periapicales de cada una de las punciones, y con ayuda de una malla milimetrada, se realizaron las mediciones. Dentro de cada grupo de agujas, se presentaron diferentes medidas de deflexión, y se obtuvo un promedio de cada marca. El rango abarcó desde los .65 mm hasta 2.1 mm de deflexión, tomando como referencia un plano recto. Conclusiones: Se demostró que la de la marca Septodont®, fue la que presentó menor deflexión a la punción. Es recomendable verificar y examinar el estado de las agujas antes de ser utilizadas para realizar procesos quirúrgicos, y así disminuir riesgos y/o complicaciones postoperatorias.

Resumen Introduction: The degree or level of deflection of the dental needle, in most cases, can determine the success or failure of the dental anesthesia technique. Objective: Measure the degree of deflection of the dental needle, comparing 5 different brands available in the city of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Method: An experimental study was carried out, with a model created with a professional level and a carpul syringe, various punctures were made in a piece of beef, simulating the performance of a linear technique of oral anesthesia. Periapical radiographs of each of the punctures were taken, and with the help of a millimeter mesh, measurements were made. Within each group of needles, different deflection measures were presented, and an average of each brand was obtained. The range ranged from .65 mm to 2.1 mm of deflection, taking as reference a straight plane. Conclusions: It was shown that the Septodont® brand was the one that presented the lowest puncture deflection. It is advisable to verify and examine the condition of the needles before being used to perform surgical procedures, and thus reduce risks and / or postoperative complications.

Estudo dos acidentes com instrumentos perfurocortantes em clínica de graduação em odontologia / A Study about occurrences during procedures with sharpening instruments into college dentistry clinic

Introdução: A biossegurança exerce papel fundamental na prevenção de acidentes ocupacionais na área da saúde, principalmente com os materiais perfurocortantes. Ma-teriais e Métodos: O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar levantamento epidemiológico por meio de análise das fichas de notificação de acidentes ocorridos em clínica odontológica, preenchidas pelos alunos e funcionários de uma instituição de ensino superior, em Vitória, ES, durante o período de março de 2014 a março de 2019. Resultados: Foram avaliados um total de 76 fichas de notificação, registrando 69 (90,78%) ocorrências com alunos da graduação e 7 (9,22%) com funcionários. O local de maior incidência foi a clínica com 47 (61,84%) acidentes, 23 (30,27%) no expurgo e 4 (5,26%) na central de esterilização. Conclusão: Após a realização deste estudo pode-se concluir que o índice de acidentes com materiais ou instrumentos perfurocortantes é pequeno quando analisados os números de atendimentos realiza-dos. Protocolos de biossegurança e normas de conduta clínica precisam ser seguidos para minimizar ainda mais os riscos de acidentes.

Introduction: Biosafety, in the health area, plays a funda-mental role in the prevention of occupational accidents, mainly with sharpening instruments. Methodology: The purpose of this study was performing an epidemiological survey by analyzing the notification forms about the acci-dents which occurred into the dentistry clinic, reported by undergraduates and college staff from a higher education institution, in Vitória City-Espírito Santo State, during the period from march 2014 to march 2019. Results: 76 notification forms were totally analyzed, highlighting the number of 69 occurrences with undergraduates which presented percentage level of (90,78%), and 7 occurrences with the college staff which presented the percentage level of (9,22%). The place with the highest incidence of accidents reporting was in the dentistry clinic with the number 47 which presented the percentage level of (61,84%), and the number 23 in the purge area which presented the percentage level of (30,27%), and for last, at the sterilization plant, the number 4 which presented the percentage level of (5,26%). Conclusion: After conducting this study, it's possible to understand that the accidents rate during the use of sharpening instruments and materials is low when compared to the quantity of dental procedures performed. Biosafety protocols and standards of clinical conduct need to be followed to further minimize the risks of accidents.

Conhecimento e adesão como fatores associados a acidentes com agulhas contaminadas com material biológico: Brasil e Colômbia / Knowledge and compliance as factors associated with needlestick injuries contaminated with biological material: Brazil and Colombia / Conocimiento y adhesión como factores asociados a los accidentes con agujas contaminadas con material biológico: Brasil y Colombia

Resumo Fizemos estudo transversal para iniciar coorte em dois Hospitais Universitários de dois países - Brasil e Colômbia - para avaliar a prevalência de acidentes com material biológico (AT-MB), o nível de adesão às Precauções Padrão (PP) e o conhecimento sobre patógenos transmissíveis pelo sangue e fatores associados entre trabalhadores e estudantes da saúde, no marco da implementação da norma NR-32. Criamos escalas para estimar conhecimento e adesão baseadas em 12 e 11 perguntas respectivamente. Utilizamos Regressão de Poisson-Tweedie para avaliar a associação do conhecimento e da adesão às PP com sofrer AT-MB. Avaliamos 965 indivíduos (348 estudantes e 617 profissionais). O conhecimento teve média de 10,98 com mediana de 11 (10, 12) e α-Cr de 0,625. A média de adesão foi de 30,74 com mediana de 31 (28, 34) e α-Cr de 0,745, associando-se a País, grupo (estudantes) e percepção de risco. Entre os fatores associadas ao relato de AT-MB encontraram-se o conhecimento, a adesão às PP, País de origem e ter tomado o esquema completo de vacinação contra Hepatites B. Concluímos que o nível de conhecimento e adesão foram adequados, ainda melhores entre os participantes do Brasil e associaram-se ao relato AT-MB.

Abstract This was a cross-sectional study to start a cohort in two University Hospitals of two countries - Brazil and Colombia - for assessing the prevalence of needlestick and sharps injuries (NSI), the level of compliance with standard precautions (SPs), and knowledge on blood borne pathogens and associated factors among health students and professionals, within the framework of the implementation of the NR-32 standard. We created compliance scales based on 12 and 10 questions, for assessing knowledge. We used the Multinomial Poisson-Tweedie Regression to evaluate the relationship between knowledge and compliance with SPs within NSI. We evaluated 965 individuals (348 students and 614 professionals). The mean score points for level of knowledge was 10.98, with a median of 11 (10; 12) and α-Cr of 0,625. Compliance with SP had a mean of 30.74 and median of 31 (28; 34), with a α-Cr coefficient of 0.745, associated with country, group (student) and risk perception. Among the factors associated with the report of NSI, we singled out knowledge and compliance, country of origin, and full vaccination scheme against the Hepatitis B virus. We concluded that the level of knowledge and compliance were adequate among participants, but better among Brazilian participants, and it was associated with NSI reporting.

Resumen Hicimos estudio transversal como punto de partida de estudio de cohorte en dos Hospitales Universitarios en dos países - Brasil y Colombia - para evaluar la prevalencia de accidentes con material biológico (AT-MB), el nivel de adhesión a las Precauciones Estándares (PUs) y el conocimiento sobre patógenos transmisibles y factores asociados entre trabajadores y estudiantes de la Salud en el marco de la implementación de la norma NR-32. Creamos escalas para evaluar el conocimiento y la adhesión con base en 12 e 11 preguntas respectivamente. Utilizamos Regresión de Poisson-Tweedie para evaluar asociación entre el conocimiento y la adhesión a las PUs con sufrir AT-MB. Evaluamos 965 individuos (348 estudiantes e 617 profesionales). El puntaje medio de conocimiento fue 10,98 con mediana de 11 (10, 12) y α-Cr de 0,625. La media de adhesión fue de 30,74 con mediana de 31 (28, 34) e α-Cr de 0,745, asociándose a país, grupo (estudiantes) e percepción de riesgo. Entre los factores asociados al relato de AT-MB encontramos conocimiento, adhesión a las PUs, país de origen y tener el esquema completo de vacunación contra Virus da Hepatitis B. Concluimos que el nivel de conocimiento y adhesión fueron adecuados, aunque mejores entre los participantes del Brasil y se asociaron a los AT-MB.

Post-exposure prophylaxis protocol for exposure to blood-borne pathogens: an intervention to improve knowledge and practice among medical students in a South African hospital

Background:Globally, approximately three million healthcare workers experience a percutaneous injury each year. Medical students are at a particularly high risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens. Despite this, the rate of non-reporting is still high. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe and improve the knowledge and practice of the post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) protocol among medical students, through the implementation of quality-improvement interventions, with a view to improving the protocol. Methods: This was an intervention study conducted among third- to fifth-year students, in 2015 and 2016. The quality-improvement interventions took place over 11 months and included the issuing of laminated protocols, posters and lectures. Data from survey questionnaires were used to quantify the impact of these interventions. Student practice was measured by the number of correct steps of the protocol completed. McNemar and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to test differences in the paired categorical data. Results: Of approximately 750 students who participated in the study intervention, 407 returned the initial questionnaire and 148 returned the post-intervention survey questionnaire. Eighty-six students (21.1%) completed both questionnaires. The blood-borne pathogen exposure rate prior to the intervention period was 28.0%. In the paired group, reporting of exposures increased from 12.2% in 2015 to 31.3% in 2016. Knowledge of the PEP protocol increased significantly in the paired group, from 17.4% to 40.2% (p < 0.001). Prior to the intervention, 91.7% completed fewer than half of the steps of the PEP protocol. This decreased significantly to 69.4% in the paired group, post-intervention (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Practice of the PEP protocol significantly improved after the intervention was implemented. In addition, there was a significant improvement in the knowledge of students about postexposure management. However, many exposures were still unreported post-intervention, indicating that more work is needed to improve reporting behaviour

Consideration on Transforming International Standard ISO 23908: 2011 / 中国医疗器械杂志

The paper introduces the background and feasibility of transforming the international standard ISO 23908:2011 , introduces catheters and needles used for blood sampling and gives a rough interpretation of the main content. Based on these analyses, the paper provides some suggestions for this product on standardization.

Requirements and Evaluation of Sharps Injury Prevention Devices / 中国医疗器械杂志

Accidental sharps injuries are a serious problem in healthcare, many healthcare workers acquire infectious diseases from bloodborne pathogens by sharps injuries during their work. The cost of injury and exposure takes an emotional and financial toll, which has attracted worldwide attention. This paper analyzed the regulatory requirements on sharps injury prevention devices in the United States and the European Union, described the classification and basic requirements of sharps injury prevention devices, evaluation of protective functions, risk identification and control to provide references for regulation and development of such products in our country.

Acidentes ocupacionais com perfurocortantes em profissionais do setor de urgência e emergência em um hospital de referência de Pernambuco, Brasil / Occupational accidents with sharps on emergency room professionals in a referral hospital in Pernambuco, Brazil / Accidentes laborales con objetos punzantes en profesionales de la sala de emergencias en un hospital de referencia en Pernambuco, Brasil

Justificativa e Objetivos: Este estudo incorpora o campo da saúde pública brasileira, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco em específico da saúde do trabalhador, pelos acidentes ocupacionais com perfurocortantes consistir num agravo evitável. O objetivo foi descrever o perfil sócio epidemiológico/econômico dos profissionais de saúde envolvidos em atividades de contato direto ou indireto com materiais perfurocortantes. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de natureza descritiva e com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 133 profissionais que compõem a equipe de enfermagem do setor de urgência e emergência de um hospital de referência de Pernambuco, Brasil, no período de março a maio de 2017. CAAE: N° 63862616.6.0000.5200. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o Software Epi Info, versão 3.2.2. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que 32,37% dos profissionais entrevistados sofreram acidentes com perfurocortantes; 88,89% dos acidentados foram os técnicos de enfermagem; 33,33% se feriram com agulha de punção venosa; 20% com agulha de medicação subcutânea e 20% com agulha de soroterapia; 42,22% realizaram exames laboratoriais tanto nos profissionais como nos pacientes; 27% dos trabalhadores apontam a má iluminação do setor como uma característica do ambiente de trabalho; 24% relatam a falta de treinamento e capacitação frequente da equipe sobre a manipulação de perfurocortantes. Conclusão: Segundo os profissionais entrevistados, a maioria dos acidentes com perfurocortantes ocorreu no momento da punção venosa. A maioria dos profissionais acidentados correspondeu à categoria de técnicos de enfermagem. As condições ruins no ambiente de trabalho e a deficiência de educação permanente foram citadas como as causas de acidentes com perfurocortantes no serviço.(AU)

Background and Objectives: This study incorporates the field of Brazilian public health, in particular the health of the worker, by occupational accidents with a sharps injury avoidable. The objective was to describe the socio-epidemiological / economic profile of health professionals involved in activities of direct or indirect contact with sharps. Methods: An epidemiological study of descriptive nature and quantitative approach, carried out with professional 133 which make up the nursing staff of emergency and emergence of a reference hospital of Pernambuco, Brazil, in the period from march to May 2017. CAAE: N° 63862616.6.0000.5200 The data were analyzed using Epi Info Software 3.2.2. Results: The results indicate that 32.37% of the professionals interviewed, accidents with needlestick; 88.89% of casualties were nursing technicians; 33.33% were injured with needle for venipuncture; 20% with medication and subcutaneous needle 20% with individual needle; 42.22% performed laboratory tests both in professional and in patients; 27% of workers indicate the bad lighting of the sector as a feature of the workplace; 24% reported a lack of training on the team's frequent manipulation of sharps. Conclusion: According to the professionals interviewed, most accidents involving sharps occurred at the time of venipuncture. Most professional's terrain corresponded to the category of nursing technicians. The bad conditions in the workplace and continuing education deficiency were cited as the causes of accidents with sharp objects in the service.(AU)

Justificación y Objetivos: Este estudio incorpora el campo de la salud brasileño, en particular la salud del trabajador, por accidentes con lesión sostenidos y evitable. El objetivo fue describir el perfil socioepidemiológico / económico de los profesionales de la salud involucrados en actividades de contacto directo o indirecto con objetos punzantes. Metodos: Un estudio epidemiológico de carácter descriptivo y de enfoque cuantitativo, realizado con 133 profesionales que conforman el personal de enfermería de urgencias y emergencia de un hospital de referencia de Pernambuco, Brasil, en el período de marzo a mayo de 2017. CAAE: N ° 63862616.6.0000.5200 Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el software Epi Info 3.2.2. Resultados: Los resultados indican que 32.37% de los profesionales entrevistados, accidentes con prefurocortantes; 88.89% de las víctimas eran técnicos de enfermería; 33.33% resultaron heridos con la aguja de venopunción; 20% con la medicación y aguja subcutánea 20% con aguja individual; 42.22% realiza pruebas de laboratorio tanto en profesionales como en pacientes; 27% de los trabajadores indican la mala iluminación del sector como una característica del lugar de trabajo; 24% reportó una falta de formación sobre manipulación frecuente del equipo de objetos punzantes. Conclusiones: Según los profesionales entrevistados, la mayoría accidentes con objetos punzantes se produjeron en el momento de la venopunción. Terreno de profesionales la mayoría correspondió a la categoría de técnicos de enfermería. Las malas condiciones en el lugar de trabajo y la educación permanente deficiencia fueron citadas como las causas de los accidentes con objetos punzantes en el servicio.(AU)

Conhecimento e atitudes da equipe de enfermagem sobre cateter com dispositivo seguro em um hospital brasileiro / Nursing staff knowledge and attitudes about safe device catheters in a Brazilian hospital / Conocimientos y actitudes del personal de enfermería sobre catéteres de dispositivos seguros en un hospital brasileño

Objetivo: descrever o conhecimento e atitudes dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre um Dispositivo Seguro com Controle de Engenharia. Método: estudo transversal descritivo, realizado em um hospital público brasileiro, especializado para o tratamento de HIV/aids. Foram entrevistados profissionais de enfermagem no período de maio a julho de 2015. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: dos 180 entrevistados, 72,2% não participaram de treinamento que propiciava conhecimento para o uso do cateter com dispositivo de segurança. Quanto às atitudes de risco, a reinserção de um mesmo cateter periférico antes de acionar a proteção da agulha, em mais de uma punção, no mesmo paciente foi citada como prática rotineira por 48 (26,7%) participantes. Conclusão: a maioria dos profissionais de enfermagem não recebeu treinamentos para uso de dispositivos, mas reconheceu características e mecanismos de proteção contra picada de agulha e contato com sangue.

Objective: describing the knowledge and attitudes of nursing professionals regarding a Safe Device with Engineered Controls. Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study, carried out in a Brazilian general hospital, specialized in the treatment of HIV/aids. Nursing professionals were interviewed from May to July 2015. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: from the 180 interviewees, 72.2% did not participate in any training that offered knowledge about the use of the catheter with a safety device. Regarding the risk attitudes, reinserting the same peripheral catheter before activating the needle protection, in more than one puncture, in the same patient, was mentioned as a routine practice by 48 (26.7%) participants. Conclusion: most nursing professionals did not receive training in the use of the devices but could recognize characteristics and mechanisms of protection against needle punctures and contact with blood.

Objetivo: describir el conocimiento y las actitudes de los profesionales de enfermería sobre un Dispositivo de Seguridad con Controlo de Ingeniería. Método: estudio trasversal descriptivo, conducido en un hospital público brasileño, especializado en el tratamiento de HIV/sida. Se entrevistó profesionales de enfermería de mayo a julio de 2015. Se analizó a los datos utilizando estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: 72.2% de los 180 entrevistados no participaron de ningún entrenamiento sobre el uso del catéter con dispositivo de seguridad. Con respecto a las actitudes de riesgo, la reinserción del mismo catéter periférico antes de accionar la protección de la aguja, en más de una punción, en el mismo paciente, fue citada como práctica común por 48 (26.7%) de los participantes. Conclusión: la mayoría de los profesionales de enfermería no recibió entrenamiento para utilizar los dispositivos, pero reconoció características y mecanismos de protección contra pinchazos y contacto con la sangre.

Cross-sectional survey on occupational needle stick injuries amongst prehospital emergency medical service personnel in Johannesburg

Introduction:Prehospital personnel are exposed to challenging situations that place them at increased risk of sustaining a needle stick injury (NSI). Blood borne infections such as HIV and Hepatitis B or C may be transmitted from a NSI. Sub-Saharan Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV globally. There is no data pertaining to NSI among Emergency Medical Service (EMS) personnel in South Africa. This study aimed to investigate the cumulative incidence, knowledge, attitudes and practices pertaining to NSIs amongst a select group of prehospital personnel in Johannesburg.Methods:This was a prospective, questionnaire based, cross-sectional survey of personnel employed at three EMS service providers in Johannesburg.Results:Of the 240 subjects that participated in the study, there was a total of 93 NSIs amongst 63 (26.3%) subjects. Of these, 41 (65.1%) had sustained one previous NSI, 16 (25.4%) had two NSIs, 5 (7.9%) had three NSIs and one (1.6%) had five NSIs. Almost two-thirds (n = 60; 64.5%) of NSIs were sustained during intravenous line insertion. Most of the study subjects were male (n = 145, 60.4%), between the age of 25­29 years (n = 67, 27.9%), had a BLS qualification as the highest level of training (n = 89, 37.1%), had >10 years of EMS experience (n = 69; 28.8%) and were up to date with their Hepatitis B vaccination at the time of the study. HIV post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) was initiated in 82 (88.2%) out of the 93 NSI incidents. However, the recommended 28-day course of therapy was only completed in 68 (82.9%) out of the 82 cases where PEP was initiated.Conclusion:Prehospital personnel are at risk of sustaining a NSI. There is a need to promote awareness with regards to the risks, preventive measures, awareness of PEP protocoland the timely initiation and completion of HIV PEP amongst EMS personnel in Johannesburg

Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids and associated factors among health care workers at the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

BACKGROUND@#Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids (BBFs) is a serious concern for health care workers (HCWs) and presents a major risk factor for transmission of infectious diseases such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus, and human immune deficiency virus. The main objective of this study was to assess the magnitudes of occupational exposure of blood and body fluids and associated factors among health workers at the University of Gondar Hospital.@*METHODS@#An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 February to 31 May 2017 at the University of Gondar Hospital. A total of 282 health care workers were selected by simple random sampling technique. Descriptive data was presented as absolute number with percentage, and multivariate analysis was used to assess the statistical association between associated factors and occupational exposure to BBFs. A P value of < 0.05 was considered as statistical significant.@*RESULT@#A total of 282 HCWs participated with the mean (±SD) age of 30.51 ± 5.86 year. Of the total, 58.5% (165) and 42.2% (119) of the study participants had been exposed to BBFs splash and needlestick injury (NSI) in their lifetime, respectively. However, 39.0% (110) and 20.6% (58) of the HCWs were exposed to splash and NSI in the past 1 year, respectively. Not wearing eye goggle, lack of training on infection prevention, taking of HBV vaccination, and recapping of used needle were risk factors associated with BBFs splash exposure, whereas taking HBV vaccination and recapping of used needle were associated risk factors with NSI exposure.@*CONCLUSION@#This study showed a high percentage of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among health care workers. Not wearing eye goggle, HBV vaccine status, and recapping needles were found to be independent predictors of occupational exposure to BBFs among HCWs. Therefore, relevant stakeholders need to formulate strategies to create a favorable working environment and increase their adherence to universal precautions.

Development of a Safe Syringe Disposal System Moving towards Automated Syringe Data Collection / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: An automatic needle destroyer (ANDY) was developed to prevent needlestick injuries, and usability tests were conducted in several hospitals. The addition of extra features to the ANDY is in progress, such as data collection and automatic identification of used syringes. Thus, this report describes how the ANDY can be used to track the data of used syringes. METHODS: The motor torque required for barrel separation differs according to syringe diameters. By monitoring the electric current which is consumed for the motor torque, the type of syringe can be identified. Twelve prototypes were produced, and five usability tests were conducted in hospitals. RESULTS: After use, a syringe is inserted into the proposed device, and the needle portion is then cut and separated from the syringe body (barrel) and discarded. The needles are collected in a sharps container for hygienic disposal, and the barrel is dropped into a general medical waste container. CONCLUSIONS: The ANDY can be used to track the syringe used for each patient. The barcode can be read while the syringe rotates in the main body of the ANDY with a built-in omnidirectional scanner. Collection of information during syringe disposal can facilitate stock management. This system could also be extended to other types of consumable medical devices, although it would still be a challenge to differentiate each medical device.